Disaster Risk Reduction

A comprehensive review of online, official, and scientific literature was carried out in 2012-13 to develop a framework of disaster social media. This framework can be used to facilitate the creation of disaster social media tools, the formulation of disaster social media implementation processes, and the scientific study of disaster social media effects. Disaster social media users in the framework include communities, government, individuals, organisations, and media outlets.

Catastrophic disasters like earthquake and flood cause widespread destruction and financial devastation. This has brought disaster management into limelight making it a burgeoning academic research field. The remarkable rise of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has instigated the scientific world to incorporate these technologies in disaster management. This study presents scientometric analysis to identify the status quo of research on the management of various disasters and role of ICT in it.

Aim: This review explored peer‐reviewed publications that measure nurses’ preparedness for disaster response.

Background: The increasing frequency of disasters worldwide necessitates nurses to adequately prepare to respond to disasters to mitigate the negative consequences of the event on the affected population. Despite growing initiatives to prepare nurses for any disasters, evidence suggests they are under-prepared for disaster response.

Despite considerable effort and expenditure on public hazard education, levels of disaster preparedness remain low. By integrating and expanding on natural hazards and health research on protective behaviour, this paper proposes a social cognitive model of disaster preparedness. The model describes a developmental process that commences with factors that motivate people to prepare, progresses through the formation of intentions, and culminates in decisions to prepare.

The approach towards disasters in Indonesia was initially responsive, sectoral and centralized, but this has changed to one that is preventive, multi-sectoral, decentralized and centered on disaster risk reduction, including through disaster education. Such education should be given to everyone in Indonesia. In addition, disaster management is conducted with a territorial approach, not one based on administrative areas.

Capacity development for disaster risk reduction is considered an important approach emphasized in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. However, questions regarding progress and an effective approach remain. The purpose of this paper is, through a study in Sri Lanka, to identify the capacity development for disaster risk reduction by analyzing related strategies and methodologies for the development to occur.

Global cooperation on disaster risk reduction seems to have risen dramatically over the last twenty-five years. From the 1994 Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World through the 2015 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, countries gradually made stronger pledges and policy changes aimed at substantially reducing disaster risk and losses. Alongside these global efforts, important regional frameworks have emerged aiming to increase national capacities through cooperation and coordination across geographic regions.

Cyclone early warning systems are the primary sources of information that enable people to develop a preparedness strategy to mitigate the hazards of cyclones to lives and livelihoods. In Bangladesh, cyclone early warnings have significantly decreased the number of cyclone-related fatalities over the last two decades. Nevertheless, several challenges remain for existing early warning services (EWS), urging for both technical and non-technical improvements in the said services. Given limited financial resources, the economic efficiency assessment of the improvement is highly important.

Purpose This study seeks to understand how land tenure security and dwelling occupancy modes influence disaster risk reduction in precarious urban communities. Design/methodology/approach We conducted a comprehensive review of recent publications on the relationship between land tenure security, access to credit, housing improvements, and the expected outcome: safer housing and thus risk reduction. We used a database of surveys from a previous study conducted by the authors in eight informal settlements across six Latin American and Caribbean countries in 2017–2018.

Toxic release inventory (TRI) facilities contain chemicals, most must be kept in process equipment, otherwise leaks are possible. An analysis of the National Flood Hazard Layer and TRI facilities within ArcGIS. The national analysis included TRI facilities intersecting the 100-year floodplain based on the National Flood Hazard Layer. The frequency which TRI facilities are impacted by flooding was analyzed with federal declarations data. We were able to determine what percentage of each state's facilities fall into the floodplain and calculate and assign a risk number to each state.